Implementation of Managerial Epidemiology through Direct Health Education in the Prevention and Control of Diabetes Mellitus in Agrocoastal Communities

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest growing non-communicable diseases and presents increasing challenges in community health, including in agrocoastal areas undergoing epidemiological transition. Lifestyle changes, particularly high sugar consumption and limited structured physical activity, contribute to poor glycemic control among patients. This community service program aimed to implement a managerial epidemiology approach through direct health education to improve knowledge, behavior, and blood glucose control among people with diabetes. The program involved 30 participants diagnosed with diabetes and was conducted over three weeks using a pre–post intervention design. Baseline assessment included random blood glucose measurement and evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to diabetes management. Participants then received face-to-face interactive education supported by an educational leaflet, followed by a re-evaluation after 14 days. The results showed a decrease in the mean random blood glucose level from 237.5 milligrams per deciliter to 210.5 milligrams per deciliter, representing an 11.4 percent reduction. The proportion of participants with blood glucose levels above 200 milligrams per deciliter decreased from 70 percent to 50 percent. Knowledge, attitudes, and healthy behavior scores also improved substantially after the intervention. These findings indicate that a simple, data-based community intervention combining direct education and printed educational materials can contribute to short-term improvements in glycemic control and lifestyle practices. It is recommended that this model be integrated into primary health care programs to enhance sustainable diabetes management in agrocoastal communities.